Ionidium suffruticosum Ging. (PADMACARINI)

Reference of padmacarini is found in caraka samhita (Su.23/55).  He mentioned the same as carati (C.S.Ci.9/51).  Vagbhata also used the synonym carati to denote this plant (A.H.Su.6/34 & 36/59).  According to Thakur Balvant Singh, padamcarini is identified with kumbharulata or brahmayastika.  This plant was indicated in psychiatric conditions and poisoning.  Brahmanayastika is considered as Clerodendrum indicum (Linn.) Ktze. Or Premna herbacea Roxb. Dr. Maheshkumar from Hyderabad (2006) reported that sthala kamala or padmacarini must be Viola suffruticosa is nothing but the traditionally used ratnapurusa of Andhra Pradesh.

K.C.Chunekar also accepted I. suffruticosum as one of the sources for padmacarini.  He also recommended Hibiscus mutabilis Linn. As another source for padmacarini.